Ludwig wittgenstein8/10/2023 In 1947 he resigned his chair in order to concentrate upon writing. He completed the Philosophical Investigations in 1946, but did not publish it. During the war, he worked first as a hospital orderly in London and later as a laboratory assistant doing research on wound shock in Newcastle. He was appointed to a chair at Cambridge in 1939. Through them, and through the circulation of their lecture notes, he revolutionized philosophy at mid-century. Over the next decade and a half, he consolidated and developed his new ideas, which he communicated in his now legendary classes to his pupils in Cambridge. He undermined the supporting members of the edifice of his earlier ideas and laid the foundations for his new method and its application both to the range of problems in the Tractatus and to the philosophy of mathematics and philosophical psychology. Between 19 his thought underwent profound revolution. Although he had initially intended to continue working in the vein of the Tractatus, he rapidly found deep flaws in his first philosophy. In 1929 Wittgenstein returned to Cambridge to resume philosophical work. The book, and Wittgenstein’s conversations with Schlick, Waismann, and more briefly with Carnap and Feigl, exerted great influence upon the evolution of logical positivism. During these years, he came into contact with Moritz Schlick, the moving spirit behind the Vienna Circle, members of which had studied the Tractatus in detail. The house, which still stands, is austerely beautiful. The next two years were spent designing and building a mansion in Vienna for his sister. Convinced that he had solved the central problems with which he had been concerned, he abandoned philosophy and worked as a primary school teacher from 1920 to 1926. He served in the Austrian army during the First World War, completing his book while on active service. The work he did there marks the beginning of his seven years labour on the Tractatus. Attracted by the new logic of Frege and Russell and fascinated by its philosophical implications, he went to Cambridge to work with Russell in 1911. By nature an aphorist, he strove to crystallize his thoughts in short and often gnomic remarks of great power, which make considerable demands upon his readers.īorn in Vienna to a wealthy and cultured family of Jewish origin, he studied engineering in Berlin and Manchester. His work, in both phases of his career, is marked by its originality, subtlety, and stylistic brilliance. Wittgenstein is unique in the annals of philosophy for having produced two equally influential, diametrically opposed, philosophies. The second shifted analytic philosophy away from the paradigm of depthanalysis defended in the Tractatus and cultivated by logical positivists and Cambridge analysts toward the different conception of “connective analysis,” which was a primary inspiration of Oxford analytic philosophy and dominated the third quarter of the century. The first was the primary origin of the “linguistic turn” in philosophy and inspired both logical positivism and Cambridge analysis in the interwar years. His two philosophical masterpieces, the Tractatus Logico-philosophicus (1921) and the posthumous Philosophical Investigations (1953), changed the course of the subject. Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) was the leading analytical philosopher of the twentieth century.
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